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  >> Book >> Medical >> ID #1421584  |   Show DetailsPrinter Friendly Page Tell A Friend
Communication and Swallowing Disorders
Brief articles on speech/language/hearing/swallowing problems.
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Entry #582985, added on 05-03-08 @ 11:57 pm EDT
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LanguageEntry #582985
Language is the expression of concrete information and abstract concepts using conventional symbols and rules. Language may be written, spoken, or expressed manually (sign language). Though many animals communicate basic information to each other--such as warning of predators or calling out to attract a mate--humans are able to convey complex ideas and combine language components for unique messages. For example, humans are able to discuss hypothetical situations and describe fictional events.

Children acquire language by listening and imitating what they hear around them. Each child learns at his or her own pace, but follow the same general pattern. About half of kids speak a first word between 10-14 months. Between 18 months and 2 years old, most are putting two words together, such as "more milk." Between 2-3 years old, most kids speak in at least three-word sentences.

Delays in language development can be caused by other medical or developmental problems. Frequently, the cause is never known in children who do not have other problems. Treatment includes play therapy, teaching specific language concepts, and training in conversational skills.

Adults usually develop language problems after neurological damage from illness, surgery, disease, injury, or toxicity. Aphasia is a general term for such an acquired language disorder. It may affect receptive language, expressive language, or both. Sometimes written language is not affected to the same degree as spoken language. Treatment for adults with acquired language problems includes retraining in the specific language skills and related cognitive functions as well as compensatory strategies. For both adults and children, family training is an important component.

For more detailed information about language development and aphasia, and on related topics such as reading disorders, please see http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/.
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